What is genetic engineering?Spec 4.10
Genetic engineering is a process which involves modifying the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristics.
Usually a gene for the characteristic is taken from one organism and inserted into another organism of a different species. The organism produced is called a genetically modified (GM) organism. It can now make the protein coded for by the new gene.
| Organism | Gene inserted | Desirable characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Human gene for insulin | Bacteria make human insulin, to treat diabetes |
| Crop plants | Gene for resistance to insect pests | Plants are not damaged by the pest |