Organisms (Unity and diversity) mind map

Each branch is one subtopic. Read it out loud and try to explain every word.

Organisms (Unity and diversity) mind map · IB Diploma Biology HL · clockitwithsci.com

Download the mind map (PDF)

Organisms (Unity and diversity)

Diversity of organisms
- Variation and species
  - No two individuals identical
  - Linnaeus: shared traits
  - Binomial: Genus species
- Biological species concept
  - Breed, fertile offspring
  - Fossils, separated populations
  - Gradual speciation: arbitrary
- Chromosomes
  - Humans 46, chimps 48
  - Diploid: even number
  - Karyogram: length, centromere, bands
  - Chromosome 2 fusion
- Genomes
  - All genetic information
  - SNPs within species
  - Size not equal complexity
- Whole genome sequencing
  - Faster, cheaper
  - Evolutionary relationships
  - Personalised medicine
- Species concept limits HL only
  - Asexual species
  - Horizontal gene transfer
  - Same chromosome number
  - Mule infertile
- Identifying species HL only
  - Dichotomous key
  - eDNA barcodes
  - Rapid biodiversity surveys
Classification and cladisticsHL only
- Need for classification HL only
  - Immense diversity
  - Aids further study
- Traditional hierarchy HL only
  - Kingdom to species
  - Fixed ranks arbitrary
  - Paradigm shift to clades
- Clades HL only
  - Common ancestor, all descendants
  - Sequence evidence most objective
  - Predict shared traits
- Molecular clock HL only
  - Differences accumulate gradually
  - Estimates only
  - Generation time, selection
- Cladograms HL only
  - Parsimony: fewest changes
  - Root, node, terminal branch
  - Node: hypothetical ancestor
- Reclassification HL only
  - Figwort family split
  - Convergent evolution misled
  - Three domains, rRNA, 1977