The whole topic on one page. Each branch is one subtopic; read it out loud and try to explain every word.
Animal coordination, control and homeostasis
Hormones
- Endocrine glandsPituitaryThyroidPancreasAdrenal glands
- Carried in the bloodTarget organs
- Ovaries and testes
- Adrenalin: fight or flightHigher tierHeart rate upBlood pressure upBlood flow to musclesGlycogen to glucose
- Thyroxine: metabolic rateHigher tierTRHTSHNegative feedback
Menstrual cycle
- Stages of the cycleMenstruationRepairOvulationMaintenance
- Oestrogen: repairUterus lining
- Progesterone: maintainUterus lining
- FSH, LH interactionsHigher tierFSH: egg maturesLH: ovulation
- Hormonal contraceptionNo ovulationThick mucus
- Barrier methodsCondomsSTI protection
- ARTHigher tierIVFClomifene
Homeostasis
- Constant internal environment
- Thermoregulation: 37°CTriple onlyEnzyme activityDenaturing
- OsmoregulationTriple onlyCells swellCells shrink
- Skin and hypothalamusTriple onlyEpidermisDermisHypothalamus
- Shivering and sweatingTriple only
- Vasoconstriction and vasodilationTriple onlyHigher tier
Blood glucose
- InsulinGlucose into cellsGlucose to glycogen
- GlucagonHigher tierGlycogen to glucose
- Type 1 diabetesNot enough insulinInsulin injections
- Type 2 diabetesCells do not respondDiet and exercise
- BMI and waist:hip ratioMass ÷ height²Correlation
- Sugar in urine testBenedict's solutionHeatBlue to brick red
KidneysTriple only
- Urinary systemKidneyUreterBladderUrethra
- Urea from liverExcess amino acids
- NephronGlomerulus filtrationGlucose reabsorbedWater reabsorbed
- ADHHigher tierCollecting duct permeability
- Kidney failureDialysisTransplant