The whole topic on one page. Each branch is one subtopic; read it out loud and try to explain every word.
Homeostasis and response
Homeostasis
- Regulates internal conditionsoptimum for enzymesall cell functions
- Conditions controlledblood glucosebody temperaturewater levels
- Receptorsdetect stimuli
- Coordination centresbrainspinal cordpancreas
- Effectorsmusclesglands
Nervous system
- CNS: brain and spinal cordelectrical impulsesneurones
- Reflex arcsensory neuronerelay neuronesynapsemotor neurone
- Reflex actionsautomaticrapidprotect from harm
- Reaction time practicalruler droprepeat and mean
- BrainTriple onlycerebral cortexcerebellummedulla
- Studying the brainTriple onlyHigher tierbrain damage patientselectrical stimulationMRI scanningcomplex and delicate
- EyeTriple onlystructuresaccommodationdim lightmyopia and hyperopia
- Body temperatureTriple onlythermoregulatory centrevasodilation, sweatingvasoconstriction, shivering
Hormones
- Endocrine systemglandsbloodtarget organpituitary master gland
- Blood glucosepancreasinsulinglycogenType 1 and Type 2
- Water and nitrogen balanceTriple onlylungs, skin, kidneysfiltration, reabsorptiondialysis or transplant
- ADH and ureaTriple onlyHigher tierADH from pituitarytubules more permeabledeamination in liverammonia to urea
- Reproductive hormonesoestrogentestosteroneFSH and LHprogesterone
- ContraceptionhormonalbarrierIUDsterilisation
- Infertility treatmentHigher tierFSH and LHIVF
- Glucagon, adrenaline, thyroxineHigher tierglucagon: glycogen to glucoseadrenaline: flight or fightthyroxine: metabolic ratenegative feedback
Plant hormonesTriple only
- AuxinTriple onlyunequal distributionunequal growth
- PhototropismTriple onlyshoot bends to lightauxin on shaded side
- GravitropismTriple onlyroots downshoots up
- Required practicalTriple onlyseedlingslengths and drawings
- Gibberellins and etheneTriple onlyHigher tiergerminationripening
- Commercial usesTriple onlyHigher tierweed killersrooting powderfruit size