Use of biological resources
Crop plants
- GlasshousesWarmthExtra lightExtra CO₂Pest protection
- Limiting factorsCO₂TemperatureEnzymes denature
- FertilisersNitratesFaster growthHigher yield
- PesticidesKill pests fastNon-target harmResistance
- Biological controlNo chemicalsSlowerMay become pest
Micro-organisms and fish
- Yeast and breadAnaerobic respirationCO₂ makes dough riseEthanol evaporates
- Yeast practicalOil layerWater bathCount bubbles
- YoghurtLactobacillusLactose to lactic acidMilk thickens
- Industrial fermenterAsepticNutrientsTemperature and pHOxygen and stirring
Selective breeding and GM
- Selective breedingChoose best parentsRepeat many generationsPlants and animals
- Impact of selective breedingHigher yieldLess genetic variationInbreeding
- Restriction enzyme cuts DNASpecific siteSticky ends
- Ligase joins DNARecombinant DNA
- VectorsPlasmidsViruses
- TransgenicGene between species
- Insulin from bacteriaRecombinant plasmidFermenterExtract and purify
- GM plantsBt toxinHigher yieldConcerns