Transport in animals
Circulatory systems
- Heart, vessels, valvesone-way flow
- Fish: single circulationSupplementheart, gills, bodyonce through heart
- Mammal: double circulationSupplementpulmonary circuitsystemic circuit
- Advantages of doubleSupplementhigh pressure to bodylower pressure in lungs
The heart
- Structuresatria, ventriclesseptumcoronary arteries
- ValvesSupplementatrioventricularsemilunar
- Wall thicknessSupplementleft ventricle thickestatria thin
- Pumping actionSupplementatria contract firstventricles contractvalves prevent backflow
- MonitoringECGpulse ratevalve sounds
- Exerciseheart rate risesreturns to resting rate
- Coronary heart diseaseblocked coronary arteriesrisk factorsdiet and exercise
Blood vessels
- Arterythick wallnarrow lumenhigh pressure
- Veinthin wallwide lumenvalves
- Capillaryone cell thickexchangelarge network
- Heart vesselsvena cava, aortapulmonary artery, vein
- Kidney vesselsrenal arteryrenal vein
- Liver vesselsSupplementhepatic arteryhepatic portal veinhepatic veins
Blood
- Componentsred cellswhite cellsplateletsplasma
- Red cellshaemoglobincarry oxygen
- White cellsphagocytosisantibodies
- Plasma transportsions, nutrients, ureahormones, carbon dioxide
- Clotting rolesstops blood lossstops pathogens entering
- Clotting processSupplementfibrinogen to fibrinmesh traps cells