Plant nutrition
Photosynthesis
- Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygenLight energyChlorophyll in chloroplasts
- Balanced equationSupplement6CO₂ + 6H₂OC₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
- Uses of carbohydrateStarch storeCellulose cell wallsRespirationSucrose in phloemNectar
- Mineral ionsNitrate: amino acidsMagnesium: chlorophyll
- Starch testDestarchBoil, ethanol, iodineVariegated, foil, soda lime
- Limiting factorsSupplementLight intensityCarbon dioxideTemperature
- Rate investigationsLamp distanceHydrogencarbonateWater bath
- Hydrogencarbonate indicatorYellow: high CO₂Red: airPurple: low CO₂
Leaf structure
- Large and thinMore lightShort diffusion path
- Palisade mesophyllMany chloroplastsNear top
- Spongy mesophyllAir spacesCO₂ diffuses
- Stomata and guard cellsGas exchangeOpen and close
- Vascular bundleXylem: waterPhloem: sucrose
- Cuticle and epidermisWaxyTransparent