Diseases and immunity
Pathogens and transmission
- PathogenDisease-causing organism
- Transmissible diseasePassed between hosts
- Direct contactBloodBody fluids
- Indirect routesSurfacesFoodAnimalsAir
- Body defencesSkinNose hairs and mucusStomach acidWhite blood cells
- Controlling spreadClean waterFood hygienePersonal hygieneWaste and sewage
- CholeraSupplementContaminated waterToxin, chloride ionsOsmosis, diarrhoea
ImmunitySupplement
- AntigensSupplementSpecific shapes
- AntibodiesSupplementProteinsComplementary shapeDestroy or mark
- Active immunitySupplementOwn antibodiesInfectionVaccination
- VaccinationSupplementWeakened pathogenLymphocytesMemory cells
- Controlling spreadSupplementFewer susceptible hosts
- Passive immunitySupplementPlacentaBreast milkShort-termNo memory cells