Cell Structure, Reproduction and Development mind map

Cell Structure, Reproduction and Development

• Cells, tissues and organelles
  • Common features of cells
    • Membrane
    • Cytoplasm
    • DNA
    • Ribosomes
  • Levels of organisation
    • Tissue
    • Organ
    • Organ system
  • Eukaryotic organelles
    • Nucleus and nucleolus
    • Mitochondria
    • rER and sER
    • Golgi apparatus
    • Lysosomes
    • Centrioles
  • Protein secretion
    • rER
    • Transport vesicle
    • Golgi apparatus
    • Exocytosis
  • Prokaryotic cells
    • Cell wall
    • Capsule
    • Plasmid
    • Flagellum and pili
    • 70S ribosomes
  • Electron micrographs
    • Cristae
    • Dotted rER
    • Stacked Golgi
• Microscopy and measuring cells
  • Magnification
    • Image ÷ object
    • Units
    • Rearranging
  • Resolution
    • Wavelength
    • Light 200 nm
    • Electrons shorter
  • Types of microscope
    • Light
    • TEM
    • SEM
  • Staining
    • Contrast
    • Dyes
    • Heavy metals
  • Core Practical 5
    • Cheek cells
    • Drawing rules
    • Graticule
    • Stage micrometer
• Chromosomes, meiosis and gametes
  • Linkage
    • Locus
    • Same chromosome
    • Crossing over breaks it
  • Meiosis and variation
    • Haploid gametes
    • Crossing over, prophase I
    • Independent assortment, metaphase I
    • 2ⁿ combinations
  • Mammalian gametes
    • Acrosome
    • Mitochondria and flagellum
    • Zona pellucida
    • Cortical granules
  • Mammalian fertilisation
    • Acrosome reaction
    • Membrane fusion
    • Cortical reaction
    • Nuclei fuse
  • Plant fertilisation
    • Pollen tube
    • Micropyle
    • Two male nuclei
    • Double fertilisation
• Mitosis and the cell cycle
  • Cell cycle
    • G1
    • S phase
    • G2
    • Mitosis
    • Cytokinesis
  • Stages of mitosis
    • Prophase
    • Metaphase
    • Anaphase
    • Telophase
  • Roles of mitosis
    • Growth
    • Repair
    • Asexual reproduction
    • Identical cells
  • Core Practical 6
    • Root tip
    • Acid
    • Acetic orcein
    • Squash
  • Mitotic index
    • Cells in mitosis ÷ total
    • Percentage
• Stem cells, gene expression and phenotype
  • Stem cells
    • Totipotent
    • Pluripotent
    • Morula
    • Blastocyst
  • Society and stem cells
    • Benefits
    • Risks
    • Ethics
    • Regulation
  • Differential gene expression
    • Active mRNA
    • Proteins
    • Specialisation
  • Post-transcriptional changes
    • Introns removed
    • Exons joined
    • Alternative splicing
  • Epigenetics
    • DNA methylation
    • Histone modification
    • Passed on in division
  • Variation
    • Multiple alleles
    • Polygenic
    • Continuous
    • Environment