Molecules, Transport and Health
- Water, carbohydrates and lipids
- Water: dipole, solvent
- Charged ends
- Hydration of ions
- Transport in solution
- Monosaccharides
- Glucose, fructose, galactose
- Soluble, respired
- Disaccharides
- Maltose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Polysaccharides
- Amylose: helix
- Amylopectin: branched
- Glycogen: most branched
- Condensation and hydrolysis
- Glycosidic bond
- Water released or added
- Core practical 1
- Benedict’s: blue to brick-red
- Iodine: blue-black
- Colour standards
- Triglycerides
- Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
- Ester bonds
- Saturated vs unsaturated
- C=C double bonds
- Kinks, melting point
- Water: dipole, solvent
- Heart, vessels and haemoglobin
- Why a circulation
- Small SA:V ratio
- Long diffusion distance
- Mass transport
- Arteries
- Thick, elastic wall
- High pressure
- Veins and capillaries
- Valves
- One cell thick
- Heart structure
- Four chambers
- Atrioventricular valves
- Semilunar valves
- Cardiac cycle
- Atrial systole
- Ventricular systole
- Cardiac diastole
- Haemoglobin
- Four haem groups
- Oxyhaemoglobin
- Carbon dioxide transport
- Hydrogencarbonate
- Carbonic anhydrase
- Buffer
- Dissociation curve
- S-shaped
- Bohr effect: right
- Fetal Hb: left
- Why a circulation
- CVD and its causes
- Atherosclerosis
- Endothelial dysfunction
- Inflammatory response
- Plaque formation
- Raised blood pressure
- Blood clotting
- Thromboplastin
- Prothrombin to thrombin
- Fibrinogen to fibrin
- Clots and disease
- Thrombus
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Risk factors
- Genetics, age, gender
- Diet, inactivity
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Antioxidants
- Free radicals
- Oxidised LDL
- Mixed evidence
- Core practical 2
- DCPIP: blue to colourless
- Calibration
- Vitamin C
- Atherosclerosis
- Risk, evidence and treatment
- Analysing health data
- Rates per 100 000
- Correlation vs causation
- Conflicting evidence
- Evaluating studies
- Sample selection
- Sample size
- Valid and reliable
- Perception of risk
- Overestimate dramatic
- Underestimate lifestyle
- Cholesterol
- LDL: to tissues
- HDL: to liver
- Evidence for causation
- Reducing CHD risk
- Diet, exercise, no smoking
- BMI
- Waist-to-hip ratio
- Treatments
- Antihypertensives
- Statins
- Anticoagulants
- Platelet inhibitors
- Analysing health data