The whole topic on one page. Each branch is one subtopic; read it out loud and try to explain every word.
Health, disease and the development of medicines
Health and disease
- WHO definition of healthPhysicalMentalSocial
- Communicable diseaseCaused by pathogensCan be passed on
- Non-communicable diseaseNot passed onNo pathogen
- One disease leads to anotherWeakened immune systemDamaged barriersMental health
- Interpreting dataScatter diagramCorrelation not causeSample size
Pathogens
- Pathogen typesVirusBacteriaFungiProtists
- Cholera, TBBacteriaWaterAirborne
- Ash diebackFungusAirborne sporesLeaf loss, lesions
- MalariaProtistMosquito vectorBlood and liver damage
- HIVVirusWhite blood cellsAIDS
- Stomach ulcers, EbolaTriple onlyHelicobacterOral transmissionEbola virusBody fluids
- Virus lifecycleTriple onlyLyticLysogenic
- STIsChlamydiaHIVCondoms
Plant defencesTriple only
- Physical barriersTriple onlyLeaf cuticleCell wall
- Chemical defencesTriple onlyKill microorganismsPoison pests
- Plant medicinesTriple onlyTreat diseaseRelieve symptomse.g. aspirin from willow
- Detecting diseaseTriple onlyHigher tierEnvironmental causesDistribution analysisVisible symptomsDiagnostic tests
Human defences
- Physical barriersSkinMucusCilia
- Chemical defencesLysozymesHydrochloric acid
- Specific immune responseAntigensAntibodiesMemory lymphocytes
- Secondary responseFasterMore antibodies
- ImmunisationInactive pathogenMemory cells made
- Immunisation pros and consTriple onlyHerd immunityProtects non-immune peopleSide effectsBoosters may be needed
Medicines
- AntibioticsBacteria onlyInhibit cell processes
- Aseptic techniqueTriple onlyAutoclaveSterile loopCovered dishes
- Core practicalTriple onlyClear zoneControl discArea πr²
- New medicinesDiscoveryDevelopmentPreclinicalClinical
- Monoclonal antibodiesTriple onlyHigher tierHybridoma cellsPregnancy testsDiagnosisCancer treatment
Non-communicable diseases
- Multiple causesLifestyleEnvironmentInherited
- Obesity and malnutritionBMIWaist : hip ratioDiet and exercise
- AlcoholLiver disease
- SmokingCardiovascular diseaseLung disease
- LevelsLocalNationalGlobal
- CVD treatmentsMedicationSurgeryLifestyle changes