The whole topic on one page. Each branch is one subtopic; read it out loud and try to explain every word.
Cells and control
Mitosis and cancer
- Cell cycleInterphaseMitosisCytokinesis
- Stages of mitosisProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
- Two identical daughter cellsSame chromosomesDiploid
- ImportanceGrowthRepairAsexual reproduction
- CancerUncontrolled divisionTumour
Growth and stem cells
- Animal growthCell divisionDifferentiation
- Plant growthCell divisionElongationDifferentiation
- DifferentiationSpecialised cellsTissues and organs
- Percentile chartsMonitor growthPercentage change
- Stem cellsEmbryonicAdultMeristems
- Stem cells in medicineBenefitsRisks
Neurones and reflexes
- Sensory receptorDetects stimulusMakes impulse
- Three neuronesSensoryRelayMotor
- Neurone structureAxonDendronMyelin sheath
- SynapseGapNeurotransmitter diffusesNew impulse
- Reflex arcFastAutomaticProtective
- Reaction time practicalRuler dropMean
The brainTriple only
- Cerebral hemispheresTriple onlyMemoryLanguageConsciousness
- CerebellumTriple onlyCoordinationBalance
- Medulla oblongataTriple onlyHeart rateBreathing rate
- CT scanTriple onlyHigher tierX-raysStructure
- PET scanTriple onlyHigher tierRadioactive tracerFunction
- Treatment limitationsTriple onlyHigher tierSpinal injuryBrain tumours
The eyeTriple only
- Cornea and lensTriple onlyRefract lightFocus on retina
- IrisTriple onlyControls light entering
- Rods and conesTriple onlyRods: dim lightCones: colour
- CataractsTriple onlyCloudy lensArtificial lens
- Long-sightednessTriple onlyFocus behind retinaConvex lens
- Short-sightednessTriple onlyFocus in front of retinaConcave lens
- Colour blindnessTriple onlyFaulty cone cells