The whole topic on one page. Each branch is one subtopic; read it out loud and try to explain every word.
Infection and response
Communicable diseases
- PathogensVirusesBacteriaProtistsFungi
- SpreadDirect contactWaterAir
- DiseasesMeasles, HIV, TMVSalmonella, gonorrhoeaRose black spotMalaria
- Non-specific defencesSkinNoseTrachea and bronchiStomach
- White blood cellsPhagocytosisAntibodiesAntitoxins
- VaccinationDead or inactive pathogenQuick antibody responsePopulation protected
- Antibiotics and painkillersKill bacteria onlyPainkillers treat symptomsResistant strains
- Drug developmentPlant sourcesPreclinical testingClinical trialsPlacebo, peer review
Monoclonal antibodiesTriple onlyHigher tier
- Single clone of cellsTriple onlyHigher tierOne binding siteOne protein antigen
- ProductionTriple onlyHigher tierMouse lymphocytesTumour cell fusionHybridoma cellClone and purify
- DiagnosisTriple onlyHigher tierPregnancy testsLab measurements
- ResearchTriple onlyHigher tierFluorescent dyeLocate molecules
- Cancer treatmentTriple onlyHigher tierRadioactive substanceToxic drugTargets cancer cells
- DrawbacksTriple onlyHigher tierMore side effectsLess widely used
Plant diseaseTriple only
- DetectionTriple onlyHigher tierStunted growthSpots and decayDiscolourationPests
- IdentificationTriple onlyHigher tierManual or websiteLaboratoryMonoclonal antibody kits
- Pathogens and pestsTriple onlyTMVBlack spotAphids
- Ion deficiencyTriple onlyNitrate: stunted growthMagnesium: chlorosis
- Physical defencesTriple onlyCellulose cell wallsWaxy cuticleDead cell layers
- Chemical defencesTriple onlyAntibacterial chemicalsPoisons
- Mechanical adaptationsTriple onlyThorns and hairsDrooping leavesMimicry