The whole topic on one page. Each branch is one subtopic; read it out loud and try to explain every word.
Cell biology
Cell structure
- Eukaryotes and prokaryotesNucleus or notSingle DNA loopPlasmidsMuch smaller bacteria
- Sub-cellular structuresNucleusMitochondriaChloroplastsCell wall
- Specialised cellsSperm, nerve, muscleRoot hair, xylem, phloemDifferentiation
- MicroscopyLight microscopeElectron microscopeMagnification equationStandard form
- Required practical 1Slide and cover slipLow power firstDrawing and scale
- Culturing microorganismsTriple onlyBinary fissionAseptic techniqueZones of inhibitionArea = πr²
Cell division
- ChromosomesMade of DNAMany genesPairs
- Cell cycleGrowth and DNA copyingMitosisCytoplasm divides
- MitosisTwo identical cellsGrowth and developmentRepair and replacement
- Stem cellsEmbryosAdult bone marrowMeristems in plants
- Stem cell treatmentDiabetes, paralysisTherapeutic cloningViral infection riskEthical objections
- Plant cloningRare speciesDisease-resistant crops
Transport in cells
- DiffusionHigh to low concentrationOxygen, carbon dioxide, urea
- Rate of diffusionConcentration gradientTemperatureSurface area
- Surface area to volume ratioLarge in single cellsSmall in large organisms
- Exchange surfacesLarge surface areaThin membraneBlood supplyVentilation
- OsmosisWater onlyPartially permeable membranePractical: mass of plant tissue
- Active transportAgainst the gradientEnergy from respirationRoot hairs, gut